Marketing Essays

Strategic Management Report on Toyota

Example essay. Published: 16th Jan 2018

Toyota Motor Corporation (Toyota) is the largest producer of automobiles in Japan and the world’s second largest automotive manufacturer based on production and sales. In 2010, Toyota sold 7.24 ...

Strategic Management: Apple Inc

Example essay. Published: 16th May 2017

Apple is engaged in design, development and marketing of personal computers (PCs), servers, communication devices, network solutions, portable digital music players, and related accessories, software ...

Strategic Marketing Analysis Of Morrisons Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This assignment presents a detailed strategic marketing analysis of Morrisons plc. The supermarket retailing industry has become highly competitive in the U.K and unlike other developed regions in the ...

Strategic Marketing Analysis of Nike

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Executive Summary: This report looks into a famous company Nike, well famous for its sportswear products. Nike being a Fast Moving Consumer Good (FMCG) is ranked number one globally and British mar ...

Strategic Marketing Audit for a BMW

Example essay. Published: 2nd May 2017

This report is focused upon a well known international brand. Bayerische Motoren Werke, the German motor manufacturing company better known as BMW. The BMW Group, which consists of the BMW, Rolls-Royc ...

Strategic marketing management for Boots in the UK

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Boots is a leading UK retailer, selling health and beauty products through its chain of Boots the Chemists stores. Around half the Boots brand products are developed and manufactured by the company. I ...

Strategic marketing management for Boots the pharmacy

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Boots is the largest pharmacy chain in Europe with an with an excellent reputation for differentiated health and beauty products and customer care. Our strategy is to develop Boots into the world&#821 ...

Strategic Marketing Management of Nestle Analysis

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the impact of organizational strategy in developing a marketing plan and to evaluate the component parts of a marketing plan. For this purpose a marketing ...

Strategic Marketing Management Of Tesco

Example essay. Published: 11th May 2017

The changing scenario of marketing is exerting pressure and challenges to the retailer companies, in-spite of their competitive position in the market. Marketing plan is the reviving step for the comp ...

Strategic Marketing Management Sports Direct Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This report will cover a one year marketing plan for the Sports Direct branch located at Uxbridge using academic marketing concepts and frameworks. Recommendations will be made for Sports Direct&#8217 ...

Strategic Marketing Of The Fiat 500 Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The Fiat Group was founded in 1899 in Turin, Italy, and now consists of many diversified businesses such as automobile manufacturer, engine manufacturer, agricultural and construction equipments, truc ...

Strategic Marketing Plan For Aquafresh

Example essay. Published: 4th May 2017

This document marks a major milestone in the development of a Strategic Marketing Plan for the AQUAFRESH Drinking water. Access Natural Water was established as a subsidiary of Access International (P ...

Strategic Marketing Plan for Beverage Retailer

Example essay. Published: 8th Oct 2021

A marketing plan for Second Cup Coffee designed to enable the business to overcome the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. ...

Strategic Marketing Plan For Chillz Flavoured Drink

Example essay. Published: 9th May 2017

Chillz is a pioneer for the water brand in Nigeria; it enjoyed monopoly until the 90’s when FAV emerged as first competition. The brand’s dominance took a hit in 2000 when it began to lose ...

Strategic Marketing Plan For Ibm Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

IBM is a well known multinational Computer Technology and Information Technology consulting corporation. IBM represents International Business Machines. It is also known as ‘Big Blue’ as i ...

Strategic Marketing Plan Metro Cash Carry Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

METRO Cash & Carry is a leading international company in self-service wholesale and operates more than 600 outlets in 29 countries. It is 3rd largest trader in world, 2nd largest in Europe and th ...

Strategic Marketing Plan Of Metro Cash And Carry

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

METRO Cash & Carry is a leading international company in self-service wholesale and operates more than 600 outlets in 29 countries. It is 3rd largest trader in world, 2nd largest in Europe and th ...

Strategic Marketing Planning Process Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Management Summery This paper will discuss the Strategic Marketing Planning process and Marketing tools and techniques and its application in three different case scenarios. Firstly it looks at a case ...

Strategic Marketing Planning Report For Sainsburys

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This report has been prepared for SAINSBURY’S. It is about the theoretical and practical issues of strategic marketing planning for SAINSBURY’S. It examines the market of SAINSBURY’S ...

Strategic Marketing Problems And Oppurtunities General Motors Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Strategic Marketing is the main blood flow of any company who wants to be named as a going concern. General Motors Company, after being incorporated in July 2009, has gone through some radical change ...

Strategic Objectives Of Grameenphone Telecom Ltd Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This report is meant to focus primarily on strategic objectives of GRAMEENPHONE TELECOM LTD, BANGLADESH and also endeavours to evaluate the quality and standards of this chosen company. GRAMEENPHONE T ...

Strategic Options That Globalization Offers To Firms Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This report looks at how firms can explore opportunities that globalization offers if they wish to grow with established or new products in a new or existing market. The report looks at a number of st ...

Strategic options to globalisation

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Different organizations around the world strive to expand and grow. Igor Ansoff’s matrix is a tool that helps businesses decide their product and market growth strategy. Ansoff’s product/g ...

Strategic Overview of Tesco

Example essay. Published: 10th Aug 2021

Tesco is the largest British retailer and is also the world’s third largest grocery retailer with outlets across Europe, USA and Asia. The business began in 1919 with one man, Jack Cohen, selling groceries from a stall in the East End of London; his first day’s profit was £1 and sales £4 ...

Strategic Phase Of Crocs Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Crocs, Inc. is a well-known company in the footwear industry. Crocs became famous for unique design and bright-colored products. Crocs has its own manufacturer, supplier, and designer for products. It ...

Strategic Plan And Implementation For Wm Morrison Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This report is focus on developing a strategic plan and implementation for Wm Morrison supermarket Plc popularly called Morrisons. From a report I read on a publication by channel4, I discovered that ...

Strategic Plan For Pret A Manger Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

1. Introduction I once worked for a company called Prêt A Manger (now simply known as Prêt). Working there was divided in 2 sectors i.e. Kitchen (the main focus was always working within a specific ...

Strategic Plan For The Chronicle Gazette

Example essay. Published: 9th May 2017

The goal of the consultant report is to indicating the problem of steady decline in subscriptions to the paid newspaper not only in metropolitan area and affecting the whole industry. Advertising reve ...

Strategic Plan For The Target Corporation

Example essay. Published: 16th May 2017

The purpose of this paper is to prepare a draft to include an updated 2010 strategic plan for Target Corporation for at least a three year period, as well as to provide a brief background of the compa ...

Strategic Planing And Development Of Subway Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Subway is American based company, working in food industry. Franchise based subway company is famous for sell sandwich and salads. It’s working under Doctor’s Associates Inc. (DAI). Accor ...

Strategic Planning And Analysis Of Primark Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Strategic Planning is a complete process about making strategies, or direction, and allocation of recourses to achieve targets. There are numbers of business analysis techniques which can be used in s ...

Strategic Planning And Development Of Addidas Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

According to Data monitor Adidas is among the leading players in the global sporting goods industry. The group is the leading sporting goods group in Germany, France and Japan, the most important mark ...

Strategic Planning and Implementation and Strategic Marketing Management

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The company that I have chosen for my assignment is MARUTI SUZUKI. Maruti Suzuki India Limited (formerly Maruti Udyog Limited), It was establish in 1981, a supplementary of Japan’s Suzuki Motar ...

Strategic Planning And Implementation Of Tesco Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This report intends to representation on previous history, present condition and the future pictures of Tesco. It is one of the main grocery shops maintaining and leading the top most brand name in th ...

Strategic Planning Case Study Of Tesco And Morrisons Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Furthermore, a report from Mintel’s Retail Intelligence, there states that food retailing in UK is one of the most dynamic and innovative retail sectors, with steady sales forecasted at 17 perce ...

Strategic Planning for Starbucks

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Introduction Most Admired Companies by Fortune magazine’s coffee in the U.S. and Starbucks is the ninth and, above all, the company received the prestigious award of happiness. This recognition ...

Strategic Planning in the Australian Coffee market

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Industry/Market definition The Australian Coffee Industry comprises all the firms that offer products for sale that are derived from coffee beans. There are pure coffee products, ie whole and ground ...

Strategic Planning Model Case Study: Apple

Example essay. Published: 16th Jan 2018

The computer industry is mainly taken by many companies and among these there are some of the most competitive ones, namely, Microsoft, Apple, Dell amongst others. Apple Corporation was founded in 197 ...

Strategic Planning Of Primark

Example essay. Published: 15th May 2017

Strategic planning is the whole process of determining and formulating the strategy of the organization. Strategic plan decided the goals and objectives of the organization; lays the roadmap of how to ...

Strategic Planning Of Toyota Company Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Toyota Motor Corporation is engaged in manufacture of passenger cars and their assembly, minivans, recreational and sport vehicles worldwide. Toyota has a network of more than 45 manufacturing compani ...

Strategic Quality and System Management in Damro

Example essay. Published: 16th Jan 2018

Abstract: This report critically evaluating the strategic objectives, policies and practices standards of quality and consistency of products and services of Damro a SirlankanFurniture Company. The co ...

Strategic recommendations to the Vodafone Group Plc

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This report has been created to provide strategic recommendations to the Vodafone Group Plc, in order to maintain its position as market leader in the markets in which it operates. Through the analysi ...

Strategic Review of L’Oreal External Environment

Example essay. Published: 3rd Jan 2018

This essay firstly introduce L’Oreal and their main operations in recent years, and then emphasize to analysis their external environment, such as P.E.S.T analysis, five forces analysis, sector ...

Strategic Role Of The Operations Functions

Example essay. Published: 9th May 2017

This report is analyzing the operations objectives at the Penang Mutiara case study describing what strategic that the Penang Mutiara Hotel success to achieve by the role of the operations function. O ...

Strategies adopted by Lenovo to gain competitive advantage

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Executive summary Strategy is based on the long term of a business and is the direction and scope of the organisation. It aims to achieve advantage in a changing environment through its configuration ...

Strategies adopted by TATA for Integrated Excellence

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

TATA is one of the prestigious and the largest private sector companies in India. It has a large number of different dimensions among which it provides its products and services. They are leaders in t ...

Strategies adopted by Unilever

Example essay. Published: 17th May 2017

On the basis of the case study and marketing theories different aspects have been explained in the assignment as well as a new strategy which Unilever needs to adopt to target low-income consumers. Ma ...

Strategies And Mix For Athletic Shoe Brands

Example essay. Published: 24th Apr 2017

Adidas is the second largest company who manufactures sporting goods all over the world. It was established in 1920.The Original founders of Adidas were two brothers Rudolph and Adi Dassler .The compa ...

Strategies and operations of Singapore airlines

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

As we have known, a business model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value – economic, social, or other forms of value. The process of busines ...

Strategies and public relations of Hilton

Example essay. Published: 17th May 2017

In today’s vital range of competitive business environment there has been a shift from traditional marketing towards more varied approaches. In… ...

Strategies And Tactics of Toshiba

Example essay. Published: 9th May 2017

Toshiba Corporation is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of advanced electro electrical products. Its product portfolio includes information and communications equipment, internet based services ...

Strategies applied by Unilever in Brazil

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The case study elucidate Unilever and their competitors in two categories; laundry soaps and detergent powders particularly concentrating on Northeast and Southeast regions in Brazil and the marketing ...

Strategies Employed By Supermarkets Tesco And Sainsburys Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The retail industry is the last step in the process of getting products to customers efficiently, and should not be confused with the wholesale activities which precede it. The difference between the ...

Strategies for Brand Revival

Example essay. Published: 10th Jan 2018

INTRODUCTION The world, it seems, is disappearing beneath a deluge of logos. In the past decade, corporations looking to navigate an ever more competitive marketplace have embraced the gospel of brand ...

Strategies for competing in various types of industries

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This best strategy for a given firm is ultimately a unique construction reflecting it’s particular. – MICHAEL E. PORTER. This topic discusses on the various strategies available for/adapte ...

Strategies for culturally sensitive product categories

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Discuss branding strategies for culturally (e.g. politically or religiously) sensitive product categories. To do so evaluate the brand positioning strategies used by specific brand in these product ca ...

Strategies for Entering Foreign Markets

Example essay. Published: 10th Jan 2018

Introduction In today’s business world, globalization has a great impact on management decisions, processes and the culture of an organization. The most important external driving forces of an i ...

Strategies for Internationalisation

Example essay. Published: 16th Jan 2018

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report looks at the entry strategies available for an organization wishing to internationalize. It describes the internationalization strategy; the risks associated with it, and ...

Strategies for Marketing Organic Food Products

Example essay. Published: 16th Jan 2018

There is a global growing demand and supply for organic foods. This has resulted from increased health awareness and food safety, a growing demand to protect the environment and animal welfare. The In ...

Strategies for the Apple iPad

Example essay. Published: 19th May 2017

The following involves the analysis of the introduction phase/ stage of the Apple Ipad. Due to the fact that the product is in the introductory phase, recommendations are based on the three main marke ...

Strategies In Nutraceuticals Industries Of India Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Nutraceuticals are food supplements that can be taken instead of food inorder to balance the diet and to keep the proposition of proteins,vitamins,minerals,fattyacid in a balance.These supplements are ...

Strategies That Capitalize On An Organizations Strengths Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

A SWOT Analysis is used to develop strategies that capitalize on an organization’s strengths, minimize the effects of any weaknesses, exploit available opportunities and defend against threats. ...

Strategy Analysis In Morrisons Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

What is strategy. Why do strategies are important for organisations. Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organisation through it ...

Strategy Analysis Macro Environmental Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Burberry operates in countries such as India, Russia, Easter Europe and the middle East. These countries have a variety of legal and regulatory systems. Burberry uses the services of professional cons ...

Strategy And Change For Sony Corporation

Example essay. Published: 11th May 2017

This report is based on Sony Corporation. The report below is structured focusing on the issues provided as question for the Case study in the seminar group. There is a brief History & Culture fo ...

Strategy and Competitive Advantage of Starbucks

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Starbucks first opened. The name comes from Herman Melville’s Moby Dick, a classic American novel about the whaling industry of the 19th century. Shipping name seems appropriate to import the be ...

Strategy and international operations of The Hershey Company

Example essay. Published: 1st May 2017

The Hershey Company was incorporated on October 24, 1927 as an heir to an industry founded in 1894 by Milton S. Hershey fiscal interest. The Hershey Company has been and still is the leading producer ...

Strategy Formulation and Processes | New Balance

Example essay. Published: 19th May 2017

New Balance began as a Boston-based arch support company in the early 1900s, developed into a specialized shoe manufacturer in the 1970s, and … ...

Strategy Implementation Procter Gamble Company

Example essay. Published: 24th Apr 2017

Procter and Gamble Company (P&G) is US’s leading maker of household consumer products. With its headquarters in Downtown Cincinnati Ohio, P&G is also a Fortune 500 American multination ...

Strategy Mission And Vision Of Whirlpool

Example essay. Published: 3rd May 2017

Strategy, Mission and Vision of Whirlpool “It’s all about the innovation, the eco-efficiency and the consumer” – Whirlpool Corporation’s Management- Whirlpool is the larg ...

Strategy Of Ibis Hotel And Skoda Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Introduction In this essay, it will choose the Ibis hotel product and Skoda as two analyzing targets. It will make some analysis about the business-level strategy, global strategy and the connections ...

Strategy of international business pressures

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The strategy of international business involves analysing the progression of globalization in the world’s economy and how a company responds and what measures it takes, strategy-wise to compete ...

Strategy Of Mercedes And The External Market Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Introduction The first part of this paper employed marketing theory and concept to examine the marketing strategy of Mercedes and the external market in which it operates. It also assesses its use of ...

Strategy of the Robert Bosch Group

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

James King 1851, Hamilton Smith 1858, William Blackstone 1874, Alva J. Fisher 1908 (Bobolicu, 2008) must have been thinking ahead of their time when they begun the process of inventing the washing mac ...

Strategy to break the trade off between service and efficiency

Example essay. Published: 18th Apr 2017

Nowadays we see that strategy makers face a major problem of breaking the trade- off between service and efficiency. This happens because of customer interface with the company’s operations. So ...

Strategy To Relaunch Dasani In The UK Market

Example essay. Published: 27th Apr 2017

Being thelargest global non-alcoholic beverage company, Coca-Cola Company hasmore than 120 years of history which was invented by Dr. John Pemberton, who was a pharmacist in Atlanta in 1886. Coca-Cola ...

Strategy used by Munchy’s – a Malaysian Biscuit Brand

Example essay. Published: 5th Aug 2021

Munchy’s have always recognized the important of manufacturing only Halal product since the government of Malaysia focusing on turning the nation into an international Halal Hub. That is a reason why Munchy’s have a dedicated committee that deals with all things Halal ...

Strategy-evaluation Framework for Mattel

Example essay. Published: 10th Jan 2018

1.0 Strategy Review, Evaluation, and Control The best-formulated and best-implemented strategies become obsolete as a firm’s external and internal environments change. It is essential, therefore ...

Stratsim Company Breakdown

Example essay. Published: 11th May 2017

This report is based on firm A performance in the StratSim environment which was in fact an automobile industry within which firm A was competing with six other firms for market share through direct-s ...

StratSim Management – Automotive Marketing

Example essay. Published: 12th Jun 2017

Introduction StratSim management is a strategy simulation based on the automotive manufacturing industry. Success in this industry depends on firm’s sales of cars and trucks, exceeding or meetin ...

Stratsim Simulation Analysis

Example essay. Published: 4th May 2017

Trading over four weeks in a Stratsim online simulation game, our group which consisted of three members were managing firm G, we made strategic decisions so as to make sure our company performs well, ...

Strength And Weaknesses Of The Existing Product Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The product is a cooling spray. It can be used for cooling hot cars or as a body cooler and freshener. Its name is Magicool. Magicool is a British invention described as your very own personal air-con ...

Strengths and weaknesses analysis of a clothing shop

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

What is organizational environment? Basically, organizational environment are included two factors, internal environment and external environment. Internal environment also was called as micro environ ...

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Asda Ltd Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Introduction Asda is second largest supermarket chain in the UK which is taken over by the Wal-Mart and Wal-Mart consider it as a “model acquisition” and it was also claimed that the organ ...

Strengths and weaknesses of food and beverage company Kraft Foods

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

INTRODUCTION Kraft Foods Inc. is the largest foods and beverage company in US and the world second largest industry which is after Nestle. Kraft had been offered consumers delicious and wholesome food ...

Strengths One of the Largest Players in Hypermarket Retail Industry

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

According to some estimates which published in The Star Online (2010), Tesco enjoys a 30% market share of the Malaysian hypermarket industry by sales, followed by Giant (24%) and Jusco (22%). Giant gr ...

Strengths weaknesses and the strategy of IKEA

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

IKEA is the worlds largest home-furnishing retailer. It was founded in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden. “In terms of scope, IKEA is designed for the total home environment, in order to offer fu ...

Structure and marketing management of Sainsburys

Example essay. Published: 16th May 2017

The main purpose of this assignment is to consider an organisation and thereafter compile a report upon the organisation chosen. The main objective of the report is to conduct relevant research into d ...

Structure Of Flows In A Modern Exchange Economy Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Finance, operations, accounting, and other business functions will not really matter if there is not sufficient demand for products and services so the company can make a profit marketing managers mus ...

Structure Of The Global Tire Industry Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

In 1998, the Michelin Group which developed the radial tire came out with a new concept of PAX system [1] . Then in 2003, the group was the number one original equipment tire manufacturer (OEM) in t ...

Student Perception Of Mcdonalds In Malaysia

Example essay. Published: 16th May 2017

This research survey was conducted on behalf of our client- McDonalds Malaysia on the students’ perception towards McDonald’s Malaysia. We interviewed a representative sample of 100 full-t ...

Students Perception On Fast Food Consumption

Example essay. Published: 9th May 2017

Malaysians were first introduced to fast foods when A&W established its first restaurant in 1963. Consumers’ acceptance of fast foods has been increasing. This is manifested by the prolifer ...

Study Of Customer Relationship Strategies Adopted By Pnb Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Maximizing customer value means cultivating long-term customer relationships. To maximize economies of scale, companies made standard goods in advance of orders and left it to individuals to fit into ...

Study Of Customer Service In Morrisons Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Understand the shopping habit of customers is the long term goal for Morrisons. The aim of the research is how Morrisons create advantage through the customer service. Analysis and evaluate Morrisons ...

Study Of Kopitiam Business In Malaysia

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

A new breed of kopitiam (a coffee shop in local Chinese dialects) has gained popularity in Malaysia during the past few years. In fact, there are no less than a hundred different brands of kopitiam wh ...

Study of Nikon Corporation

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The Nikon has gone global and divides the globe to six regions of its operation which are the Americas, Europe, Asia, Oceania, Middle East, and Africa. The products have also been grouped in to imagin ...

Study of Organized Retail in Rural Indian Markets

Example essay. Published: 18th Sep 2017

Shubham Kumar Retailing accounts for around 10% of the Indian GDP and the Indian retail market is estimated to be worth around US $600 billion in 2015 and to reach US$1.3 trillion by 2020. It is als ...

Study Of Starbucks In Hong Kong Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Hong Kong is a cosmopolitan metropolis, it embodies both Eastern and Western traditions. Due to its rich cultural diversity and transnational lifestyle, the city offers a wide variety of international ...

Study Of The Departmental Stores In Mumbai Marketing Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Customer satisfaction is the key factor in knowing the success of any departmental stores or business therefore it is very important to measure it and to find that what the factors which affect the cu ...

Study On Consumer Buying Behavior

Example essay. Published: 15th May 2017

Kotler (2004, p.601) defined Consumer-buying behavior as “The buying behavior consumers – individuals and house holds who buy goods and services for personal consumption.” In his de ...